TASK 1 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 (SOFTSKILL)

 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 (SOFTSKILL)

Indri Sugiastiwi

14213407

4EA18

Dosen: Defi Julianti

General Definition Conditionals

A conditional sentence is a sentence containing the word if. There are three common types* of conditional sentence:

1. if clause > present simple tense : main clause > future tense (will)
• If you help me, I will help you.
• If I win the lottery, I will buy a new car.
• If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing.
2. if clause > past simple tense : main clause > would
• If you knew her, you would agree with me.
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.
• If it snowed tomorrow, we would go skiing.
3. if clause > past perfect tense : main clause > would have
• If you had helped me, I would have helped you.
• If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new car.
• If it had snowed yesterday, we would have gone skiing.

Of course, it is possible to start conditional sentences with the main clause:

• I will buy a new car if I win the lottery.
• I would buy a new car if I won the lottery.
• I would have bought a new car if I had won the lottery.

English speakers choose one of the three conditional structures as follows:

1. Conditional one - to express a simple statement of fact or intent
• I will buy a new car if I win the lottery.
• I will go home if you don't stop criticizing me.
• You will fail your exams if you don't start working harder.
• She will lose all her friends if she continues to talk about them behind their backs.

2. Conditional two - to refer to a present unreal situation or to a situation in the future that the speaker thinks is unlikely to happen
• If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car. (but I don't have a lot of money)
• If I were you, I would tell him you're sorry. (but I am not you)
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house. (but I don't expect to win the lottery)
• If it snowed tomorrow, we would go skiing. (but I don't have much hope that it will snow)

3. Conditional three - to refer to the past and situations that did not happen
• If it had snowed yesterday, we would have gone skiing. (but it didn't snow, so we didn't go skiing)
• If you had studied harder, you would have passed your test. (but you didn't study hard, so you didn't pass your test)
• If I had known that, I would have told you. (but I didn't know, so I didn't tell you)
• If she hadn't been driving slowly, she would have had an accident. (but she was driving slowly, so she didn't have an accident)

* Note: The way native speakers of English express conditions (use if-clauses) is much more varied than the 3 rigid combinations of tenses exemplified on this page. Learners should consult a good grammar reference work for a deeper understanding of this complex aspect of English grammar.

Spesific Definition

Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".

Conditional sentence type	Usage	If clause verb tense	Main clause verb tense
Zero	General truths	Simple present	Simple present
Type 1	A possible condition and its probable result	Simple present	Simple future
Type 2	A hypothetical condition and its probable result	Simple past	Present conditional or Present continuous conditional
Type 3	An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past	Past perfect	Perfect conditional
Mixed type	An unreal past condition and its probable result in the present	Past perfect	Present contditional

The zero conditional

The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.

If clause	Main clause
If + simple present	simple present
If this thing happens	that thing happens.
If you heat ice	it melts.
If it rains	the grass gets wet.

Type 1 conditional

The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.

If clause	Main clause
If + simple present	simple future
If this thing happens	that thing will happen.
If you don't hurry	you will miss the train.
If it rains today	you will get wet.

Type 2 conditional

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

If clause	Main clause
If + simple past	present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened	that thing would happen. (but I'm not sure this thing will happen) OR that thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlier	you would not be so tired.
If it rained	you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian	I would be working in Italy.

Type 3 conditional

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

If clause	Main clause
If + past perfect	perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If this thing had happened	that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happened) OR that thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder	you would have passed the exam.
If it had rained	you would have gotten wet.
If I had accepted that promotion	I would have been working in Milan.

Mixed type conditional

The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

If clause	Main clause
If + past perfect or simple past	present conditional or perfect conditional
If this thing had happened	that thing would happen. (but this thing didn't happen so that thing isn't happening)
If I had worked harder at school	I would have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map	we wouldn't be lost.
If you weren't afraid of spiders	you would have picked it up and put it outside.

Zero Conditional

Form

In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + simple present	simple present
If this thing happens	that thing happens.

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical. In zero conditional sentences, you can replace "if" with "when", because both express general truths. The meaning will be unchanged.

Examples

• If you heat ice, it melts.
• Ice melts if you heat it.
• When you heat ice, it melts.
• Ice melts when you heat it.
• If it rains, the grass gets wet.
• The grass gets wet if it rains.
• When it rains, the grass gets wet.
• The grass gets wet when it rains.

Function

The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific facts. In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible.

Examples

• If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
• Plants die if they don't get enough water.
• If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.
• If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

The zero conditional is also often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the main clause.

Examples

• If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
• Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.
• If you want to come, call me before 5:00.
• Meet me here if we get separated.

If Clause Type 1

Form

if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

Example: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.

If Clause Type 2

Form

In a Type 2 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple past, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional or the present continuous conditional.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + simple past	present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened	that thing would happen.

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.

Examples

• If it rained, you would get wet.
• You would get wet if it rained.
• If you went to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired.
• You wouldn't be so tired if you went to bed earlier.
• If she fell, she would hurt herself.
• She would hurt herself if she fell.

Function

The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. These sentences are not based on the actual situation. In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or any time and the situation is hypothetical.

Examples

• If the weather wasn't so bad, we would go to the park. (But the weather is bad so we can't go.)
• If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a chicken. (But I am not the Queen.)
• If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
• If I knew where she lived, I would go and see her.

It is correct, and very common, to say "if I were" instead of "if I was" (subjunctive mood).

Examples

• If I were taller, I would buy this dress.
• If I were 20, I would travel the world.
• If I were you, I would give up smoking.
• If I were a plant, I would love the rain.

In type 2 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

Examples

• We might buy a larger house if we had more money
• He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
• If he called me, I couldn't hear.

The present conditional tense

The present conditional of any verb is composed of two elements:
would + the infinitive of the main verb, without "to"

Subject	+ would	+ infinitive
He	would	go
They	would	stay

To Go: present conditional

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative Negative
I would go	I wouldn't go	Would I go?	Wouldn't I go?
You would go	You wouldn't go	Would you go?	Wouldn't you go?
He would go	He wouldn't go	Would he go?	Wouldn't he go?
She would go	She wouldn't go	Would she go?	Wouldn't she go?
We would go	We wouldn't go	Would we go?	Wouldn't we go?
They would go	They wouldn't go	Would they go?	Wouldn't they go?

If Clause Type 3

Form

In a Type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional or the perfect continuous conditional.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + past perfect	perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If this thing had happened	that thing would have happened.

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.

Examples

• If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
• You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
• You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
• If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
• I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
• If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

Function

The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable result in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret with type 3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the sentence expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the situation is hypothetical.

Examples

• If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't pass the exam.)
• If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't know and I didn't bake a cake.)
• I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you didn't call me and I am not happy.)

In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

Examples

• If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
• You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
• If he called you, you could go.
• If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

Contractions

Both would and had can be contracted to 'd, which can be confusing if you are not confident with type 3 conditional sentences. Remember 2 rules:
1. would never appears in the if-clause so if 'd appears in the if clause, it must be abbreviating had.
2. had never appears before have so if 'd appears on a pronoun just before have, it must be abbreviating would.

Examples

• If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
• If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
• I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
• I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
• If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
• If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

The perfect conditional tense

The perfect conditional of any verb is composed of three elements:
would + have + past participle
Have followed by the past participle is used in other constructions as well. it is called the "perfect infinitive".

Subject	+ would	+ have	+ past participle
He	would	have	gone
They	would	have	stayed

To Go: perfect conditional

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative Negative
I would have gone	I wouldn't have gone	Would I have gone?	Wouldn't I have gone?
You would have gone	You wouldn't have gone	Would you have gone?	Wouldn't you have gone?
He would have gone	He wouldn't have gone	Would he have gone?	Wouldn't he have gone?
She would have gone	She wouldn't have gone	Would she have gone?	Wouldn't she have gone?
We would have gone	We wouldn't have gone	Would we have gone?	Wouldn't we have gone?
They would have gone	They wouldn't have gone	Would they have gone?	Wouldn't they have gone?

Mixed Conditional

It is possible for the two parts of a conditional sentence to refer to different times, and the resulting sentence is a "mixed conditional" sentence. There are two types of mixed conditional sentence.

Present result of a past condition

Form

In this type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + past perfect	present conditional
If this thing had happened	that thing would happen.

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.

Examples

• If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.
• I would have a better job now if I had worked harder at school.
• If we had looked at the map we wouldn't be lost.
• We wouldn't be lost if we had looked at the map.
• If you had caught that plane you would be dead now.
• You would be dead now if you had caught that plane.

Function

This type of mixed conditional refers to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. These sentences express a situation which is contrary to reality both in the past and in the present. In these mixed conditional sentences, the time is the past in the "if" clause and in the present in the main clause.

Examples

• If I had studied I would have my driving license. (but I didn't study and now I don't have my license)
• I would be a millionaire now if I had taken that job. (but I didn't take the job and I'm not a millionaire)
• If you had spent all your money, you wouldn't buy this jacket. (but you didn't spend all your money and now you can buy this jacket)

In these mixed conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of would to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

Examples

• If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.
• I could be a millionaire now if I had invested in ABC Plumbing.
• If I had learned to ski, I might be on the slopes right now.

Past result of present or continuing condition

Form

In this second type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple past, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + simple past	perfect conditional
If this thing happened	that thing would have happened.

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.

Examples

• If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.
• I would have picked it up if I wasn't afraid of spiders.
• If we didn't trust him we would have sacked him months ago.
• We would have sacked him months ago if we didn't trust him.
• If I wasn't in the middle of another meeting, I would have been happy to help you.
• I would have been happy to help you if I wasn't in the middle of another meeting.

Function

These mixed conditional sentences refer to an unreal present situation and its probable (but unreal) pas result. In these mixed conditional sentences, the time in the if clause is now or always and the time in the main clause is before now. For example, "If I wasn't afraid of spiders" is contrary to present reality. I am afraid of spiders. "I would have picked it up" is contrary to past reality. I didn't pick it up.

Examples

• If she wasn't afraid of flying she wouldn't have travelled by boat.
• I'd have been able to translate the letter if my Italian was better.
• If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them to lunch.
• If the elephant wasn't in love with the mouse, she'd have trodden on him by now.

General formula
In general, this presupposition sentence formula is as follows:

if + condition, result/consequence

or without the comma:

result/consequence + if + condition

Pattern Conditional Sentence Of Each Type

Type	Pattern Conditional Sentence
0	if + simple present, simple present
1	if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
2	if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive
3	if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Example of a Conditional Sentence

Here's an example of a conditional sentence on various types according to the above formula.

Type	Example Conditional Sentence
0	If we burn paper, it becomes ash. (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)
1	If I meet him, I will introduce myself. (Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)
2	If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)
3	If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

Negatif if + condition

Formula: if…not may be replaced by unless.

Example conditional sentence: if…not & unless:

•    If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.

•   Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. (Jika para siswa tidak mengerti, mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)

Zero Conditional

•          If at the beginning of a sentence:

if/when + condition, result/consequence

if/when + simple present, simple present

•           If in the middle of a sentence:

result/consequence + if/when + condition

simple present + if/when + simple present

Example of sentences Zero Conditional

Sentences	Example Of Sentences Zero Conditional
(+)	If I sleep late, I am sleepy at work. [habitual activity] (Jika saya tidur terlambat, saya mengantuk di tempat kerja.)
	If you dry fruits or vegetables, they lose their nutrient and calorie. (Jika kamu mengeringkan buah atau sayuran, mereka kehilangan nutrisi dan kalori.)
(-)	If one doesn’t drink after doing exercise, one gets dehydrated. (Jika orang tidak minum setelah berlatih, orang bakal dehidrasi.)
(?)	If we burn paper, does it become ash? (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi debu?)

Pattern Conditional Sentence Type 1

•           If at the beginning of a sentence:

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative

•          If in the middle of a sentence:

result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present

Negatif if + condition

Formula: if… not may be replaced by unless.

Example Sentance Conditional Sentence Type 1

Sentence	Example Santence Conditional Sentence Type 1
(+)	If I have free time, I will go swimming. (Jika saya punya waktu luang, saya akan pergi berenang.)
	If the bell rings, I’ll go home. (Jika bel berbunyi, saya akan pulang ke rumah.)
	If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [imperative] (Jika kamu bertemu Andy, minta dia menghubungi saya.)
(-)	If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher will be angry. (Jika kamu tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu, gurumu akan marah.)
	If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. / Unless he comes, I won’t be angry. (Jika kamu tidak datang, saya tidak akan marah.)
	If he comes, I won’t be angry. (Jika dia datang, saya tidak akan marah.)
(?)	If they invite you, will you come? (Jika mereka mengundangmu, akankah kamu datang?)

Pattern Type 1

If at the beginning of a sentence:

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

•           If If in the middle of a sentence:

result/consequence + if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Negatif if + condition

The formula: if ... not can be replaced with UNLESS.

Were Replaced Was

In the conditional sentence type 2, were used in place was even though subjects used a 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) as well as a singular noun. This is to indicate that the underlying assumption is really just a wishful thinking because of her condition can not be met (present unreal situation).

if + condition, result/consequence

if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive

Example Conditional Sentence Type 2

Sentance	Example  Conditional Sentence type 2
(+)	If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.) Fact: but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa besok akan hujan)
	If Nisa studied hard, she would pass. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.) Fact: but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.)
	If I had much money, I would buy a sport car. (Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.) Fact: but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang)
	If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity. (Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.) Fact: but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner)
(-)	If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.)
	If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail. (Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.)
	If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity.
(?)	If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?
	If you had much money, would you buy a sport car?
	If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 2

Inverted word order means the verb comes before the subject. This condition can occur by removing the word "if" and swap the positions of subject and verb. For example, as follows.

Normal	Inverted
If I (S) were (V) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts. (Jika saya pemilik toko, saya akan memberimu potongan harga.)	Were (V) I (S) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.

•           If at the beggining sentence

if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

•           If in the middle sentence

result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Example Conditional Sentence Type 3

Sentence	Example Conditional Sentence Type 3
(+)	If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.) Fact: but you didn’t remember (tapi kamu tidak ingat)
	If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a higher position than you. (Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya mungkin memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.) Fact: but I didn’t give really good answers (tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus)
(-)	If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates. (Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.) Fact: but the waitress wasn’t careful (tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati)
(?)	If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him? (Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?) Fact: but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness (tapi dia tidak meminta maaf)

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 3

Inverted word order means the verb comes before the subject. This condition can occur by removing the word "if" and swap the positions of subject and verb. For example, as follows.

Normal	Inverted
If you (S) had (V) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone. (Jika kamu telah menyimpan emasmu di safety deposit box, emasmu tidak akan hilang.)	Had (V) you (S) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone.

·      How to write two sentences in the conditional clause sentences:

Sentence modality (conditional sentence) is a sentence to presuppose something that has not happened, did not happen, or has happened. This sentence consists of two parts, namely smoking clause (independent clause) the parent sentences and clauses if (clause) which has a supposition statement.

Smoking clause is a clause that stands alone because it has the full, whereas if the clause is a clause that can not stand alone because it means incomplete (dependent clause) initiated if.

If you are still confused by the second clause of this, consider the following example sentences.

If I were Jokowi, I will select honest ministers. [Jika saya Jokowi, saya akan memilih menteri-menteri yang jujur.]

·         If I were Jokowi = If Clause

·         I will select honest ministers = Free Clause/main Clause

Conditional Type 1

Example:

1.      If you are ready, we can begin the test. [Jika Anda siap, kita dapat mulai ujian ini.]

2.      If I have much spare time, I will watch the Mahabarata series. [Jika saya punya banyak waktu luang, saya akan menonton serial Mahabarata.]

3.      If he has received my email, he will come to work early tomorrow. [Jika dia telah menerima email saya, dia besok akan datang bekerja lebih awal.]

4.      If she is cooking dinner now, she won’t want to go out to dinner with us. [Jika dia sedang memasak makan malam sekarang, dia tidak akan mau keluar makan malam bersama kita.]

5.      If my car doesn’t start, I will call a tow truck man. [Jika mobil saya tidak hidup, saya akan menelepon seorang petugas truk derek.]

6.      If I pass the exam, my mother will be very happy. [Jika saya lulus ujian, ibuku akan sangat senang.]

Information:

·         Example a): clause if = simple present, free clause = simple present

·         Example b): clause if = simple present, free clause bebas = simple future

·         Example c): clause if = present perfect tense, free clause  = simple future

·        Example d): clause if = present continuous, free clause  = simple future

·         Example e): clause if = simple present, free clause = simple future

·        Example f): clause if = simple present, free clause = simple future

Example:

·         If I were a Spiderman, I would protect the world. [Jika saya Spiderman, saya akan melindungi dunia.]

·         If I had a million dollars, I would use the money to buy luxury cars. [Jika saya punya satu juta dolar, saya akan menggunakan uang itu untuk membeli mobil-mobil mewah.]

·         If I were you, I would stop smoking. [Jika saya kamu, saya akan berhenti merokok.]

·         If your car was working, you could pick up Maya at airport. [Jika mobil Anda sedang baik, Anda dapat menjemput Maya di bandara.]

Conditional Sentence Type 3

Example:

·         If you had called me earlier, I would have attended your party first. [Jika Anda menghubungiku lebih awal, saya akan menghadiri pesta Anda terlebih dahulu.]

·         If Maya had met Andri at that concert, she would have confessed her love. [Jika Maya bertemu Andri di konser itu, dia akan mengakui cintanya.]

·         If I had finished high school, I would have gotten a better job. [Jika saya tamat SMU, saya akan mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lebih baik.]

·         If we had left home earlier, we would have arrived on time. [Jika kita meninggalkan rumah lebih awal, kita akan tiba tepat waktu.]

·         If you had paid attention to the traffic, you would not have had an accident. [Jika Anda memperhatikan lalu lintas, Anda tidak akan mengalami kecelakaan.]

information:

Clauses free / main clause in the sentence modality can be placed before the if clause. Consider the following example sentences.

·         If I pass the exam, my mother will be very happy. [Jika saya lulus ujian, ibuku akan sangat senang.]

·         My mother will be very happy if I pass the exam. [Ibuku akan sangat senang jika saya lulus ujian.]

·       Tenses :

·       5 exercise Toefl Conditional Tenses

1. If the students _____ late to submit the scholarship application to the board, they will not be listed as candidates.

    A. be

    B. are

    C. were

    D. have

Jawaban : B

Keyword : will not be listed

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat conditional atau pengandaian tipe 1 karena ada kata if dan will + V1. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah are karena tense-nya present.

2. If your brother ______ here, he ______ us with this works.

    A. is - would help

    B. was - will help

    C. were - will help

    D. were - would help

Jawaban : D

Keyword : If

Pembahasan : Pasangan yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah pilihan D karena sesuai dengan pola pengandaian tipe 2.

3. Aldo : Did you attend the meeting last Monday?

    Fery : I would if I had been invited.

    The underlined utterance means ______.

    A. Fery didn’t attend the meeting

    B. Fery plans to attend the meeting

    C. Fery knew about the meeting and he attended the meeting

    D. Fery was not invited to the meeting but he came

Jawaban : A

Keyword : I would if I had been invited

Pembahasan : Kalimat pada jawaban berarti “Saya mungkin akan datang jika diundang.” Jadi Fery tidak datang pada pertemuan itu (Fery didn’t attend the meeting).

4. We would get the tickets, ______

    A. Weren’t there so much rush at the cinema

    B. Because there were so much rush at the cinema

    C. There were not so much rush at the cinema

    D. Although there were so much rush at the cinema

Jawaban : D

Keyword : would get

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + V2, S + would + V1.

5. If we don’t hurry, the meeting ______ by the time we get there.

    A. would have started

    B. will have started

    C. will be started

    D. will start

Jawaban : D

Keyword : don’t hurry

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 1. Polanya adalah If + S + V1, S + will + V1.

Bibliography:

http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/cond.htm

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/conditional/

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/mixed-conditional/

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/type-2-conditional/

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/type-3-conditional/

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/zero-conditional/

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-1

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-fungsi-dan-rumus-conditional-sentence-type-1-2-3/

http://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-rumus-conditional-sentence-type-123-dan-contoh-kalimatnya/

http://www.wordsmile.com/if-conditional-sentence-introduction

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-conditional-sentences

http://poentodito.blogspot.com/2013/04/conditional-sentences-type-123.html

http://www.ahzaa.net/2015/11/contoh-soal-dan-pembahasan-bentuk.html

http://www.geniuslang.com/2016/05/soal-toefl-conditional-sentence.html